Trece Colonias, 1700-1750 | Gran Bretaña, Francia y España | colonias norteamericanas | Historia de estados unidos



¿Qué fueron las trece colonias británicas? ¿Qué pasó durante la época colonial? América del Norte, los futuros Estados Unidos y Canadá, tuvieron una época crítica durante el siglo XVIII. La década de 1700 vio la maduración de las colonias en América del Norte. Inglaterra y Escocia se unieron en 1707 a través del Acta de Unión, lo que significa que Gran Bretaña era una nación unida. Francia vino a construir nuevas colonias que se extendían desde Acadia hasta Quebec, los Grandes Lagos, el Medio Oeste y el río Mississippi. Nueva Orleans se estableció en 1718. España controlaba Florida, Texas y Nuevo México. Sus misiones e influencia se extendieron por el suroeste de Estados Unidos. Durante la Guerra de la Reina Ana, Gran Bretaña aseguró Port Royal francés en Acadia, que se convirtió en Port Annapolis. Gran Bretaña ahora controlaba Nueva Escocia en Canadá, pero Francia retuvo la isla del Cabo Bretón, dentro de la cual establecieron la Fortaleza Louisbourg. Las colonias británicas maduraron. James Oglethorpe estableció Savannah en Georgia en la década de 1730. Benjamin Franklin participó activamente en los círculos de impresión, trabajando en la publicación de periódicos. George Washington se convirtió en topógrafo en el condado de Culpepper, Virginia. Una obra de teatro llamada «Cato» de Joseph Addison presentaba una línea que invocaba «libertad o muerte», y se representó en Williamsburg, Virginia. Las colonias intercambiaron e intercambiaron madera, hierro, trigo, tabaco, añil, arroz y otros materiales en su creciente economía. Princeton, Yale, Harvard y William & Mary eran universidades. Francia aseguró relaciones pacíficas con muchas naciones, estableciendo puestos de comercio de pieles en Fort Miamis, Fort Michilimackinac (Mackinac o Mackinaw), Fort Toulouse, Nueva Orleans, Fort Detroit, Fort Rouge y otros. Gran Bretaña estableció Halifax en Nueva Escocia para contrarrestar el Louisbourg francés. La Guerra del Rey Jorge fue otro conflicto que se desató en Canadá. La Guerra por la Oreja de Jenkins enfrentó a la Florida española contra Carolina del Sur y Georgia, con batallas en Fort Augustine y Fort Frederica. El Gran Despertar extendió el avivamiento por las colonias. Predicadores y ministros como Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield y John Wesley trajeron el metodismo y el presbiterianismo junto con un fervor evangélico a las colonias. Católicos, luteranos, anglicanos, iglesias reformadas, menonitas y otras iglesias también estaban activas en las colonias, aunque el puritanismo se estaba desvaneciendo lentamente en Nueva Inglaterra. Esta es una película de Jeffrey Meyer, historiador y bibliotecario.

Tu tienda especializada de Camisetas de fútbol retro y vintage Fútbol Noticias de los equipos de fútbol de 1ª y 2ª división, la Champions League y la UEFA, la Copa del Rey y la Selección Española

45 opiniones en “Trece Colonias, 1700-1750 | Gran Bretaña, Francia y España | colonias norteamericanas | Historia de estados unidos”

  14. Seems to me Georgia was the 14th British colony, after 13, Nova Scotia. Who was at the first Continental Congress (1774? Iirc), but was prevented from sending delegates to the 2nd. Distinguishing how NS, which was resettled with New England planters after the A(r)cadians were ethnically cleansed, from English-founded colonies, seems difficult on pre-1774 facts? I'd be interested in an attempt to do so that doesn't rely on the 1776 outcome. Otherwise, great series so far

  16. “IN RESPONSE TO ATTACKS TO THE NATIVES IN THE NORTH EAST “
    France was defending American natives from the English settlers,
    that’s something they don’t teach you in school right! No wonder all east natives disappear! ¿¿Fake news??

  20. It was said that I have French Canadian ancestors on my father's side by my mother and when I started doing research, I found that It was true. Most of my French Canadian ancestors migrated down from Quebec to Detroit. Then I started looking at my nieces family tree on her mother's side (not related to me) and I found that she had a French community like my dad's except hers was Vinncenes Indiana and my dad's community was from Detroit area and Canada… Interesting so I stated digging and eventually found a common ancestor of both me and my brother and her mother. In other words my brother and his ex wife are very distantly related ?

  21. When you say “x number of people” in the British colonies, who counts as a person? The numbers given seems low if they include native population.

  22. The first migrants who found a particular settlement have a disproportionate impact on the character of the community. In particular, settlements founded by the English/British vary depending on they were before or after major events such as the civil wars, the Glorious Revolution, or the union with Scotland. Similarly, New Amsterdam, a Dutch settlement, was a little different from the English/British colonies.

  24. There were only 12 colonies, not 13, in the time period 1700 to 1750 and until just before the Declaration of Independence was approved. Although it had a measure of self rule, Delaware was a part of Pennsylvania, seceding from PA only a few weeks before the Declaration was approved. Your repeated reference to 13 Colonies during this period is simply factually and historically wrong.

  25. Spain and the American Revolutionary War
    In 1776, Spain claimed all land in present day US and Canada west of the Mississippi River and upper and lower Canada.  All the land from Central America to the “arctic snows”.

    From the moment the 13 colonies declared independence, Spain recognized the golden opportunity to remove a serious British presence on North America quickly and decisively.    The French were taken outs by the Brits in North America less than 13 years earlier.  Now it was the Brit’s turn to lose their North American presence. 

    Beginning in the Fall of 1776, Diego de Gardoqui (a well connected Basque merchant out of Bilbao) and American spy Oliver Pollock out of New Orleans began sending huge quantities of money, arms and medicine.   Spanish agents and spies in Philadelphia (e.g., Juan de Miralles and Francisco Rendon) made sure British movements were carefully monitored and that the Americans got the aid they needed.

    In 1777 alone, Spain secretly shipped via the firm Jose Gardoqui & Sons via French ports to Bermuda and finally to their final destination Boston for further distribution among the American Patriots:
    ·         215 Bronze Cannon
    ·         300,000 pounds of gunpowder
    ·         4,000 field tents
    ·         12,826 grenades
    ·         30,000 muskets
    ·         51,314 musket balls
    ·         30,000 bayonets
    ·         30,000 uniforms
     
    Brits hoped to blockade the colonies with their naval fleet.  However, the British lacked the naval power to challenge the Spanish in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.  Ergo Spain was able to maintain complete control of the Mississippi basin through its New Orleans military forces.   Only Spanish, American and French ships were allowed entry into the Mississippi.

    The French declare war on the Brits in 1778 and the Spanish declared war on June 21, 1779.    Between 1777 and 1779, Spain provided the American colonies with 8 million reales in credit which was used by Patriot Oliver Pollock to secure war supplies desperately needed up the Mississippi River and the Ohio River by Colonel George Roger Clark and George Washington’s forces.  

    In 1779, Spanish naval and military forces secured the upper Mississippi and Ohio Rivers by taking the British out in the battles of San Luis (St. Louis, Missouri) and San Jose (St. Joseph, Michigan) in 1779.  The Spanish went on to provide Colonel George Roger Clark the Special Forces needed to win the battles of Vincennes (Indiana), Kaskaskia (Illinois) and Cahokia (Illinois).

    Upon formal declaration of war, General Bernando Galvez immediately commenced naval and land operations against the British.  Galvez forces quickly defeated the Brits in Manchac, Baton Rouge and Natchez in 1779.  In 1780, Galvez took Mobile and in 1781 the Battle of Pensacola eliminated any British presence in the Gulf of Mexico.  In 1781 Galvez provided the French fleet 500,000 pesos to reprovision their ships in Havana.  These same French ships then set sail for Chesapeake Bay and to arrive just in time to help Washington defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown.

    On the Atlantic, Spain was unusually successful against the Brits.  On August 9, 1780, Admiral Cordova y Cordova delivered the Brits their greatest maritime disaster to date by capturing 52 of a 55 strong Naval convoy carrying one year’s military supplies.  It is to this day the greatest and most complete naval captures ever made.   The British lost 80,000 muskets, equipment for 40,000 troops, 294 cannons (the normal British troop size during the American Independence War was 40,000 troops), and 3,144 men. The financial impact of the losses were estimated to be around £1,500,000 (£1,000,000 in gold and £500,000 – £600,000 in equipment and ships).   The loss was still bitterly remembered in Great Britain 30 years later, at the height of the Napoleonic Wars. 

    In 1782, Galvez’s subordinate set sail out of Havana to successfully capture the British naval base of New Providence in the Bahamas.  Spanish plans for the recapture of Gibraltar, invasion of Ireland and Jamaica were well under way in 1783 when the Brits agreed to Spanish terms for Peace.

    The Spanish cost for the war was collected by a voluntary tax on citizens of Cuba, New Spain (including provinces of California, Texas and New Mexico).  Part of these proceeds were passed on to Comte de Grasse (commander of the French Fleet).

    Lastly, American privateers (e.g., John Paul Jones) from 1780 to 1782 were given the green light to conduct anti-British Naval operations out of the Spanish ports of Bilbao, La Coruna, Cadiz, Algeciras, Santa Cruz de Tenerife as well as Havana and Guarico on Cabo de Frances in current day Haiti.

    During the 1789 inaugural parade in New York City, the only foreign warship allowed in New York Harbor was Galvez’s flagship during the war, the brigantine Galveztown.   Galveston is named after Galvez.
     
    So there we were in 1783.  Our Empire was larger than the French, British and Dutch Empires combined, militarily superior and far wealthier.   The world was ours for the taking.  Africa, Australia, New Zealand and everything West of the Appalachians and Upper and Lower Canada.  Today, we would have had mixed race Hispanics on five continents running the world. 

    What happened?  United we were invincible but divided we fell easily.  Within one generation we would threw it all away!   We are the only great Empire in modern history that was defeated from within.   We have always been our most devastating enemy. We royally screwed up by jumping ship on the Spanish during the Napoleonic Wars.  The Spanish are also partially to blame.  The historic Spanish ego, arbitrariness and capriciousness played a key motivating role in LatAm lack of loyalty at the time of Spain’s greatest need.   

    Compare us to the loyal Australians, Canadians, New Zealanders and Americans who were there for England at her darkest moment in WWI and WWII.  Actions not only speak louder than words, they determine destiny of Empires!
     
    Today we are 25% of the US population. Time to begin writing North American history again!

  26. They were tribes, native Indian tribes, they were not nations, that is some stupid terminology that is not accurate. Enough of the political correctness, I'm 33 years old and can tolerate words get over yourself dude, other than that, good stuff

  27. 18:04 Why "nevertheless"? There is no obvious reason why a Spanish offer of freedom to escaping slaves would diminish British severity. Quite the opposite.
    18:25 And, no, Jenkins ear was not lost "in a raid". It was (allegedly, at least) cut off by the Spanish captain after the capture of Jenkin's ship. Calling a captain a "sailor" in this context is non-idiomatic, and the war wasn't named after HIM , it was named after his body part.
    20:35 It's not "The War FOR Jenkins' ear".

    This may seem picky, but the best way to continue to get bad writing is to tolerate it without comment, IMHO..

  31. Great video but the French never had total control of the Mississippi River valley during the colonial period.

    There were no permanent French settlements or forts between Fort Toulouse and the Illinois Country on the east side of the Mississippi River because of the Chickasaw tribe, who were close allies of the British. After getting off to a good start, relations between the Chickasaw and the French went downhill and after the Natchez uprising of 1729, devolved into attacks on French boats, pack trains and Arkansas Post.

    It all culminated in 1736 with the battles of Ogoula Tchetoka and Ackia in present day Tupelo, Mississippi. The French and their Native allies were routed in both battles with the Chickasaws and remnants of the Natchez tribe suffering few casualties in both battles. A later attempt in the winter of 1740 saw both sides negotiate for peace after French plans to wipe the tribe out fell apart due to weather, morale and disease. Because of those battles, the French never totally controlled the Mississippi Valley.

  37. Historians always seems to forget the French settlements in what is now southern Illinois… Cahokia was settled in 1699 (and is still there)… and Kaskaskia was settled in 1703 and, in the 19th century, became the first capital of the state of Illinois… etc.
    These "Pays des Illinois" settlements flourished, developing excess agricultural produce and lumber, which was then rafted down the river to support the newer settlement at New Orleans.
    And the French fort protecting the Pays des Illinois was: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres

  40. Hate to admit it, as a Tiger, but Penn was founded five years before Princeton. BTW, this is absolutely terrific.

    I would love to see more on the missing 800 pound gorilla in the picture (map), which was the Iroquois Confederacy. The IC was, by many measures, the dominant military force in eastern North America for the better part of 100 years, up until the mid 18th Century. Penn, a Quaker and therefore non-militarist, placed PA under IC military hegemony and got 60-70 years of peace in return. Their home base in the Finger Lakes region also makes for great mapping! The British finally raided the area (Braddock circa 1755 off the top of my head), destroying 160,000 bushels of corn in the process.

    If you look at the red and blue dots on the map around 19:30, the big gap in the middle, separating them, was basically the area where you had to accommodate the IC. They controlled it with, by most estimates, as few as 3,500 to 4,000 warriors. But these were a triple threat – long range (guns, including rifles as well as smooth bores, which they had been trading for over many decades); middle range repeaters (bows and arrows); and short range (axes and knives). This made them all but unstoppable for a long time in heavily wooded, generally steep terrain, which is what that area is.

  42. This video is not accurate in many ways. By 1700 ,the French had explored most of N America from New Orleans to. the Arctic Ocean in Northern Canada , east of Rocky Mountains ..In 1670 , the British crown had given sovereignty by Charter to the Hudson Bay Company over all territories in which rivers flowed into Hudson Bay .this covered most of western Canada, and south into Montana’s, N Dakota’, Minnesota..the French married into indigenous families and were guides and interpreters for American settlers into the interior later on. Many American Cities were french fur trading posts selling European goods to natives, through Montreal Quebec

Comentarios cerrados.